Myxosporidiosis

Caused by the parasite Myxobolus and Henneguya. It usually attacks Marble Gobies and Common Carps. Both parasites are found on the gills. For Myxobolus, it is also found on the skin. This form of the parasite are cyst in shape (spore-containing spores) and will burst when it matures. Spore are released into the water and infection will occur.

Signs Of Disease

- Fish becomes pale (serious). White and round cyst along with the parasite (nominally 2-4 mm) can be seen in the gills. The gill are sometimes clustered.

- Fish skin began to swell (parasite Myxobolus)

- In normal circumstances, death will occur slowly.


So far, there is no treatment for the disease. It is recommended to control and prevent disease from happening.

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Ichthyobodo, Trichodina & Chilodonella

This type of parasite usually attacks Grass Carp, Common Carp, Common Siamese Gourami, Large Headed Carp and Javanese Carp. Signs of disease are just like the sign of white spots.

The common treatments are :-

1. Mix Sodium Chloride + Formalin (20-25 ppm + 1000 ppm) 2-3 times sequentially every 2 days (1 week)

2. Potassium permanganate (100 ppm) 5-10 minutes but please take note that this method is not suitable for Large Headed Carp fries.

3. Formalin (2.5 ml /100liter) 2 consecutive days for 1 week.

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White Spot Disease

Most diseases are caused by parasites (exto-parasite). Parasites are organisms that live and get food from other organisms without the benefit of the organism.

1. White Dots disease (white spot)

Caused by protozoan parasites called Ichthyophthirius Multifilis. It attacks all types of fish, especially fish fries. This type of parasite penetrates the skin and eats the fish tissue cells and blood.


Signs of disease are :-

- Fishes swimming without a specific direction to avoid these parasites (Early Level)

- External layer of skin becomes gray and there are white spots on the entire body

- White spots and pale color at the gills area shows damaged fish gills and causes difficulty of breathing (fish surfacing to breathe)

- Fish feel itchy and will rub its body to the pond or cage body

- Fish not eating (a serious level)

- Eyes turned gray


Treatment

1. Methylene Blue (Dosage - 2 ppm (mg/l) - Continuing to recover
2. Sodium Chloride + Formalin (Dosage - 20-25 ppm 1000 ppm) - 3 times in sequential succession every 2 days (1 week)
3. Potassium Permanganate (Dosage - 1-2 ppm) - Continuing until healed
4. Formalin (Dosage - 2.5 ml / 100liter) - Continuing until healed

Fish ponds affected by this disease must be dried and added to the rate of 1.5 tons of lime per hectare. Here are some steps on treating your fishes.

a) Soak fish in water containing the medication in a short period. Put the fishes in a tank or small container. Insert the medication into the tank. Take out and release the fishes after a few minutes. You need to be careful if the medication dosage is too high, it can cause stress to fishes.

b) Soak fishes in the water containing the medication for a long duration. Dose of medication used is low and does not cause stress to fishes. Medication inserted into the pond / fish tank continuously until full recovery or after the effects of medication disappears by itself. New water should be added after a few days.

I will update you more freshwater fish diseases so that you will know what to do if you meet with these type of problems.

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Freshwater Fish Disease

Typically, fish diseases are caused by pathogens (agents that cause disease) as follows:

a) Parasites (Endoparasit / exto-parasite)
b) Fungi
c) bacteria
d) Virus
e) Causes such as genetic and environmental factors

i) Primary Disease

These disease usually occurs when fishes react with each other pathogens for the first time. This happens when we add large fishes together with small fishes. Even though large fishes were infected with pathogens, it will not show any signs of disease because most large fishes have the immunity against the disease. Unfortunately for these small fishes, it is easily attacked by diseases. In the mating process, primary disease could also occur where the pathogen can spread from female to its young.


ii) Secondary disease

Occurs because of stress factors. This can weaken the fish and cause the fish to easily attacked by pathogens. Factors such as temperature, water quality and others, could easily weaken the fishes and they would not be strong enough to fight the pathogen attack.

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